o:1626
Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestation of West Nile Virus Infections of Equines in Hungary, 2007-2020
en
West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging pathogen in Hungary, causing severe outbreaks in equines and humans since 2007. The aim of our study was to provide a comprehensive report on the clinical signs of West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) in horses in Hungary. Clinical details of 124 confirmed equine WNND cases were collected between 2007 and 2019. Data about the seasonal and geographical presentation, demographic data, clinical signs, treatment protocols, and disease progression were evaluated. Starting from an initial case originating from the area of possible virus introduction by migratory birds, the whole country became endemic with WNV over the subsequent 12 years. The transmission season did not expand significantly during the data collection period, but vaccination protocols should be always reviewed according to the recent observations. There was not any considerable relationship between the occurrence of WNND and age, breed, or gender. Ataxia was by far the most common neurologic sign related to the disease, but weakness, behavioral changes, and muscle fasciculation appeared frequently. Apart from recumbency combined with inappetence, no other clinical sign or treatment regime correlated with survival. The survival rate showed a moderate increase throughout the years, possibly due to the increased awareness of practitioners.
Lineage 2; Neurologic Disease; Horses; Encephalomyelitis; Fever; Outbreak; Serum; Classification; Encephalitis; Circulation
1552099
10.3390/v14112551
2023-05-11T14:10:02.342Z
44
yes
46
Orsolya Eszter
Fehér
University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest
Péter
Fehérvári
University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest / Semmelweis University
person
Csenge Hanna
Tolnai
University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna
person
Petra
Forgách
University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest
person
Péter
Malik
National Food Chain Safety Office
person
Ákos
Jerzsele
University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest
person
0000-0002-3380-0827
Zsombor
Wagenhoffer
University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest
person
Otto
Szenci
University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest
person
0000-0002-3248-173X
Orsolya
Korbacska-Kutasi
University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna / University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest
person
0000-0002-8950-5923
application/pdf
797638
https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:1626
no
yes
16
70
1552253
Viruses
15
14
11
MDPI
2023