o:1421
Transglutaminase Activity is conserved in Stratified Epithelia and Skin Appendages of Mammals and Birds
en
The cross-linking of structural proteins is critical for establishing the mechanical stability of the epithelial compartments of the skin and skin appendages. The introduction of isopeptide bonds between glutamine and lysine residues depends on catalysis by transglutaminases and represents the main protein cross-linking mechanism besides the formation of disulfide bonds. Here, we used a fluorescent labeling protocol to localize the activity of transglutaminases on thin sections of the integument and its appendages in mammals and birds. In human tissues, transglutaminase activity was detected in the granular layer of the epidermis, suprabasal layers of the gingival epithelium, the duct of sweat glands, hair follicles and the nail matrix. In the skin appendages of chickens, transglutaminase activity was present in the claw matrix, the feather follicle sheath, the feather sheath and in differentiating keratinocytes of feather barb ridges. During chicken embryogenesis, active transglutaminase was found in the cornifying epidermis, the periderm and the subperiderm. Transglutaminase activity was also detected in the filiform papillae on the tongue of mice and in conical papillae on the tongue of chickens. In summary, our study reveals that transglutaminase activities are widely distributed in integumentary structures and suggests that transglutamination contributes to the cornification of hard skin appendages such as nails and feathers.
Evolutionary Origin; Cell-Death; In-Vitro; Proteins; Hair; Differentiation; Keratinocytes; Localization; Expression; Mutations
1552099
10.3390/ijms24032193
2023-03-14T13:41:50.833Z
44
yes
46
Attila Placido
Sachslehner
Medical University of Vienna
0000-0003-1447-9254
Marta
Surbek
Medical University of Vienna
person
Bahar
Golabi
Medical University of Vienna
person
Miriam
Geiselhofer
Medical University of Vienna
person
Karin
Jäger
Medical University of Vienna
person
Claudia
Hess
University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna
person
0000-0002-3535-5157
Ulrike
Kuchler
Medical University of Vienna
person
Reinhard
Gruber
Medical University of Vienna
person
Leopold
Eckhart
Medical University of Vienna
person
0000-0002-5645-2036
application/pdf
7012180
https://phaidra.vetmeduni.ac.at/o:1421
no
yes
16
70
1552253
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
12
24
3
MDPI
2023